Was heißt »Streitigkeit« auf Englisch?

Das Substantiv Streitigkeit lässt sich wie folgt von Deutsch auf Englisch übersetzen:

Synonyme

Dissens:: dissent
Meinungsverschiedenheit:: controversy; difference of opinion; disagreement; dissent

Chess is a game that simulates the conflict between two armies.
The nation was riven by partisan conflict.
Black places the first stone at D5, and White responds by placing his first stone at F5. The dispute for territory starts near the board center.
He says Merkel’s accomplishment was to have avoided conflict as much as possible the past 16 years. For Germans that has been a reassuring gift.
I don't want to dispute that.
How can we de-escalate the conflict?
The dispute quickly turned into a public slanging match.
The dispute escalated into a public slanging match.
Tom used his communication skills to resolve the conflict.
The conflict in Ukraine is entering its fourth year with no end in sight.
There appears to be no end in sight for the conflict.
We can't dispute this fact.
Whenever there is a conflict between my work and my family, my family always takes precedence.
Peace is not the absence of conflict, but the ability to cope with conflict by peaceful means.
Around the world, refugees flow across borders in flight from brutal conflict.
A disinterested third party resolved the dispute.
We have a conflict of interest here.
When I arrived, the dispute had reached its boiling point.
Inter-family is more likely than intra-family conflict to result in violence. Or is it?
What do you think is the best way to settle this conflict?