Was heißt »refraktär« auf Englisch?

Das Adjektiv »refraktär« lässt sich wie folgt von Deutsch auf Englisch übersetzen:

Synonyme

dickköpfig:: obstinate; stubborn
eigensinnig:: froward; hardheaded; headstrong; obstinate; opinionated; pig-headed; pigheaded; self-opinionated; stubborn; wayward; wilful; willful
hartnäckig:: adamantine; besetting; bulldog; confirmed; do-or-die; dogged; doggedly; insistent; intractable; obstinate; obstinately; persevering; persistent; pertinacious; pertinaciously; stiff-necked; strongheaded; stubborn; stubbornly; tenacious; tough
obstinat:: obstinate
starrköpfig:: obstinate; stubborn
starrsinnig:: obstinate; stubborn
stur:: obstinate; stubborn
unnachgiebig:: inflexible; intransigent
verbohrt:: narrow-minded

At least 700,000 people die every year due to drug-resistant diseases, including 230,000 from multidrug resistant tuberculosis, according to the World Health Organization.
This bacteria is resistant to every available antibiotic.
Already many buildings are now being built earthquake resistant.
People are sometimes resistant to change.
This bacterium is resistant to penicillin.
Many are convinced that he is resistant to advice.
This car is resistant to rust.