Was heißt »schürfen« auf Englisch?

Das Verb »schürfen« lässt sich wie folgt von Deutsch auf Englisch übersetzen:

Deutsch/Englische Beispielübersetzungen

Der Junge fiel hin und schürfte sich das Knie auf.: The boy fell and scraped his knee.
Tom fiel beim Laufen über seinen Hund und schürfte sich das Knie und die rechte Handfläche auf.: Tom fell over his dog when he was jogging and skinned his knee and the palm of his right hand.
Um Diamanten zu schürfen, braucht man mindestens eine Eisenpickhacke.: You can't mine diamonds without an iron pickaxe or better.

Unfortunately, there's no prospect of recovery.
Tom was facing the prospect of having to repeat a year because of a five in English and French.
"Why are you taking pedagogy courses? Do you want to become a teacher?" "No, I'm learning it not as a career prospect, but as a life skill."
Tom was afraid of the prospect of failure.
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